Time is Relative to Gravity
Time is relative to gravity, and gravity is a property of matter. Time is what a clock shows, and we use time to measure the speed and duration of daily events.
Time isn’t a physical thing that can cause or create an action.
Gravity Causes Time Dilation
The force of gravity can change a clock's time, resulting in time dilation.
The time on a clock measures the speed of Earth's motion, while gravity has the force.
When a clock is in a stronger field of gravity, the atoms feel the pressure of more mass. The force is from gravity, and the effect is on the time a clock shows.
Time dilation is the difference in time when a clock is compared to a reference clock. If a clock is in a weaker force of gravity, the atoms move faster, and a clock speeds up.
Matter contains mass, and it's created from energy. Energy can’t be destroyed or created, but it can be converted into other things.
When energy changes to matter, it always follows steps.
Energy always works with mass, then energy, then mass, then energy. Energy doesn’t turn into more energy, and mass doesn't become more mass without the proper steps.
For example, a hydroelectric dam uses the gravitational potential energy of falling water. The energy of falling water does mechanical work (mass) to turn a turbine.
The turbine is connected to a generator that converts the work into electrical (energy).
Electricity will turn a mechanical motor (mass), and the torque (energy) of a turning motor does mechanical work (mass).
The steps of energy to matter show that energy has a force, and then the force is used by matter to do work.
But if the force of gravity is on a clock, the effect is that time seems to change.
Energy on its own does nothing, and time on a clock does nothing.
The Force of Gravity
The force of gravity on Earth is 9.8 Newtons per kilogram with an acceleration of 9.8 m/sec/sec.
Equations use time as a description of motion.
The numbers of time are not real things on their own. They are descriptions of events.
For example, a day is 24 hours long describes the Earth’s rotation.
The speed of light represents the speed of all electromagnetic radiation compared to the speed of Earth’s rotation.
A second is 1/86,400th of a day, so time describes things compared to Earth's motion.
Time is a description of motion based on the motion of Earth's spin that lasts 86,400 seconds.
Time is an abstract thing that doesn’t exist and the only moment that exists is our present moment.
The force of gravity on a planet governs the structure of atoms and their frequency of vibrations.
On Earth, for example, gravity regulates the frequency of cesium-133 used in clocks.
One second defines the period of the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine frequency of cesium-133 atoms as 9,192,631,770 Hz.
When cesium clocks move to a place with less gravity, the oscillations will be faster, such as 9,192,989,925 Hz during the same period.
A clock doesn't do anything except count 9,192,631,770 times for each second. That means a clock will count each second faster.
Time only exists on clocks, and clocks only exist on Earth (and Earth's satellites).
Time On Other Planets
On other planets, the length of a day is different from Earth.
If they base their time on the oscillations of a cesium-133 atom, their value of a "second" of time would be a different number of oscillations, and their day would have a different number of their "seconds."
So, time as we know it means nothing on other planets in the universe.
Time dilation is a change in time caused by the force of gravity on a clock.
The time dilation on a clock has no power or reality of doing anything. The real power is in the motion or event measured.
Time is not motion, and time can’t cause things to happen. Any physical thing is affected by its environment, and a clock’s time will change if a force acts on it.
Most people think that motion is the same as time. But clocks measure motion, and the measurement is called time.
Time moves only in the sense that the motion you measure is moving.
If it takes 2 seconds to measure the speed of an object, you don’t know how fast it was moving unless you also measure the distance (space) that it moved.
Time and space are measurements that together give us the speed of an object.
But time and the distance traveled are not the motion; it’s only the measurement of the motion.
We don’t know why the object was moving or what caused the object's movement.
Time is just one of the measurements we use to describe our environment.
Most of the science on the internet makes the mistake of thinking that time exists without clocks.
They misunderstand that gravity affects physical clocks, and that's why time changes.
Gravity doesn't affect time because time isn't a physical thing. Time is what a clock shows.
Time on a clock is relative to gravity.
The time on a clock isn't absolute because it varies by energy, such as gravity. The time on a clock varies with the energy in its environment.
Matter consists of quarks, gluons, and electrons moving at the speed of light.
If the quark-gluon strong nuclear force experiences more or less gravity, its speed will change.
When the surrounding force of gravity is less, the frequency of vibrations inside matter will change. This effect explains why the GPS satellite clocks experience time dilation.
The force of gravity in space is much less, allowing the quarks to oscillate faster.
The Cesium-133 atom in the satellite’s clock will experience less quantum gravity in space, causing the clock to go 45 microseconds faster per day.
That's the reason why GPS clocks run faster. It's not because of Spacetime curvature. It's because of less gravity.
Time is a measurement of the motion of our planet, but time is also variable by the duration of Earth's orbit around the Sun.
The time of one year is close to 8,760 hours, but we have to add 24 hours every 4 years (leap year) to keep time in sync with the motion of our planet.
Also, sometimes they add or remove a second to preserve the value of our timekeeping accuracy.
So, I hope you see that time can change in different ways.
Scientists need to change the time whenever it's necessary to keep time accurate to the motion of our planet.
The power in the universe is motion.
Time is a human invention, but our modern society can't live without time.
We need to accept time for what it is.
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